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Sources & Method

Every number on this site traces to a published standard. Here is the list, and how each page is checked.

Every source this site cites

236 documents are cited across 138 calculators. This list is generated from the pages themselves at every build, so it cannot disagree with what they actually cite.

Building code: 47 documents
DocumentPages
ICC Digital Codes: the IRC itself7
IRC R507.5: Deck beams (full section text)3
IRC Table R301.7, allowable deflection of structural members3
Utah Residential Code 2021, Chapter 373
Washington State Building Code Interpretation No. 16-113
IRC R301.5 Live load2
IRC R311.7: stairways2
IRC R312 Guards, Code and Commentary2
IRC R312: guards2
IRC R507 Exterior Decks2
IRC R507.7 and R507.2: decking and plastic composite2
IRC Table R602.3(5), size, height and spacing of wood studs2
Residential Stair Geometry: 2015 IRC R311.7 reproduced2
Utah Residential Code 2021, Chapter 36 Services2
Utah Residential Code 2021, Chapter 392
Utah Residential Code 2021, Chapter 7 Wall Covering2
Utah Residential Code 2021, Chapters 3, 6, 7, 9, 10 and 132
780 CMR 51.00 Massachusetts Residential Code, Chapter 8 amendments1
Hawaii Plumbing Code 2021, Section 708.1 Grade of Horizontal Drainage Piping1
IBC Chapter 10, means of egress1
IBC Table 1004.5 as adopted in Washington State, WAC 51-54A-10041
IPC 2018 Appendix E, Table E202.1, as adopted in San Antonio1
IRC Appendix AH, Patio Covers1
IRC R105.2, work exempt from permit1
IRC R301.2.1 wind design criteria1
IRC R311.8 Ramps1
IRC R317.3: Fasteners and connectors in preservative-treated wood1
IRC R403: Footings1
IRC R602.7 Headers1
IRC R802 roof-ceiling construction1
IRC R802.10.1, truss design drawings1
IRC Table R503.2.1.1(1), allowable spans and loads for wood structural panels1
IRC Table R602.7(1), girder and header spans for exterior bearing walls1
New York City Plumbing Code 2022, Appendix E1
San Antonio Plumbing Code 2018, Appendix E1
Tennessee Plumbing Code 2021, Section 704.1 and Table 704.11
Texas IHB Plumbing Code 2021, Chapter 61
Texas IHB Plumbing Code 2021, Chapter 7 Sanitary Drainage1
Utah Residential Code 2021, Chapter 11 Energy Efficiency1
Utah Residential Code 2021, Chapter 141
Utah Residential Code 2021, Chapter 6 Wall Construction, Table R602.3(1)1
Virginia Residential Code 2021, Chapter 141
Virginia Residential Code 2021, Chapter 16 Duct Systems1
Virginia Residential Code 2021, Chapter 361
Virginia Residential Code 2021, Chapter 371
Virginia Residential Code 2021, Chapter 391
WAC 51-51-1505, Section M1505 Mechanical ventilation1
Other: 140 documents
DocumentPages
2018 Seattle Residential Code, Chapter 4 Foundations9
2018 Seattle Residential Code, Chapter 7 Wall Covering9
2018 Seattle Residential Code, Chapter 9 Roof Assemblies9
Seattle Residential Code, Chapter 3, Building Planning, Section R302.95
16 CFR Part 460, Labeling and Advertising of Home Insulation (the R-value Rule)3
2015 Seattle Residential Code, Chapter 5 Floors3
2027 Standard Specifications M 41-10, Division 9 Materials3
USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Wood Handbook, Chapter 8 Fastenings (FPL-GTR-282)3
2009-2021 IECC and IRC Minimum Insulation Requirements for New Homes2
2018 Seattle Residential Code, Chapter 6 Wall Construction2
ACCA Manual J, Residential Load Calculation2
Bruce (AHF Products), Engineered Hardwood installation instructions2
Pergo, Installation Guide LAMINATE FLOORING2
Pergo, Installation instructions VINYL PLANKS & TILES (Rigid Click)2
Proper Sizing HVAC System, Building America Solution Center2
Seattle Residential Code, Chapter 8, Section R807.1 Attic access2
The Copper Tube Handbook, CDA Publication A4015-26/242
This Old House, how much does spray foam insulation cost2
10 CFR 430.321
10 CFR 431.196, Energy conservation standards and their effective dates1
10 CFR Appendix E to Subpart B of Part 4301
15 U.S.C. 206, Standard gauge for sheet and plate iron and steel1
2018 Seattle Residential Code, Chapter 3, Section R311.71
2021 IRC Section M1505, Mechanical Ventilation, reprinted in Whole-House Mechanical Ventilation Options1
2021 Seattle Fuel Gas Code, Chapter 4 Gas Piping Installations1
2021 Seattle Residential Code, Chapter 24 Fuel Gas1
23 CFR 658.17, Weight1
29 CFR 1926.651, Specific excavation requirements1
29 CFR 1926.652, Requirements for protective systems1
A Perfect Crown Molding with your Starrett 505 Protractor, user manual PKG08595 UM505AP1
ACE SEAL HD Material Data Sheet, product number 1003, spec 37-41
APA Span Ratings, Form No. TT-037A1
All You Need to Know About Crown Molding1
Annotated Design and Construction Details for Concrete Masonry1
Appendix B to Subpart P of Part 1926, Sloping and Benching1
Bob Vila, how much does drywall installation cost1
Bonneville Power Administration, R-410A Pressure-Temperature Chart1
Building Energy Simulation Test for Existing Homes (BESTEST-EX), Phase 11
Bulletin 4-2, Minimum Standards for Design and Construction of Onsite Wastewater Systems1
CRI 105, Standard for Installation of Residential Carpet1
Concrete Masonry Unit Shapes, Sizes, Properties and Specifications1
Conduit Bender and Angle Setter Guide1
DIN 933 vs. ISO 4017 and DIN 931 vs. ISO 40141
Design Temperature Limit Reference Guide (2019 Edition)1
Duct System Design Guide, First Edition1
Electric Power Annual 2024, Table 3.211
Electric Power Annual 2024, Table 4.7.B1
Electric Power Monthly, Table 5.6.B1
FM 5-426 Carpentry, Chapter 4, Building Layout and Foundation: Squaring Lines1
Finished Hex Bolt Dimensions1
Finished Hex Nut Dimensions1
GA-214-2021, Levels of Finish for Gypsum Panel Products1
Georgia State Amendments to the International Plumbing Code (2024 Edition)1
Heat Content of Natural Gas Delivered to Consumers1
Heavy Hex Nut Dimensions1
Hex Bolts Grade A and B, Metric, ISO 40141
How Much Do Kitchen Countertops Cost?1
How Much Does Door Installation Cost?1
How Much Does Ductwork Installation Cost?1
How Much Does Garage Door Replacement Cost?1
How Much Does It Cost to Build a Patio?1
How Much Does It Cost to Install Kitchen Cabinets?1
How Much Does It Cost to Install an Outlet?1
How Much Does It Cost to Repipe a House?1
How Much Does It Cost to Upgrade or Replace an Electrical Panel?1
How Much Does Recessed Lighting Installation Cost?1
How Much Does Sewer Line Replacement Cost?1
How Much Does Solar Panel Installation Cost?1
How Much Does Under-Cabinet Lighting Cost?1
How Much Does a Coffered Ceiling Cost?1
How Much Does a Ductless Heat Pump Cost?1
How Much Does a Flagstone Patio Cost?1
How Much Does a Furnace Replacement Cost?1
How Much Does a Gazebo Cost?1
How Much Does a Plumber Cost?1
How Much Does a Radiant Barrier Cost?1
How Much Does a Spiral Staircase Cost?1
How Much Does a Water Heater Replacement Cost?1
How Much Does an Electrician Cost?1
How Much Does an Inground Pool Cost?1
How To Install Crown Molding1
How do you calculate the maximum possible Available Fault Current at the secondary for single-phase and three-phase Transformers?1
How to size a water heater1
Hudson Technologies, Pressure Temperature Charts, R-410A, R-22, R-32 and R-454B1
ICPI, Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute1
Installation Instructions for Interior Pre-Hung Doors (JII109)1
Installation Instructions for Interior Prehung Doors1
Installation Instructions for Pre-Hung Exterior Entry Doors (JII106)1
Installation Instructions, Residential Sectional Insulated Steel Doors1
Item 440, Reinforcement for Concrete, Table 11
LATICRETE PERMACOLOR Grout, product data sheet1
LRFD Design Example for Steel Girder Superstructure Bridge, FHWA NHI-04-0411
LawnStarter, how much does a gravel driveway cost1
Loose Fill Insulation Coverage Chart, Cocoon INS550LD1
Minnesota Rules 1309.0402, Section R402, Materials1
Models 8300/8500 Torsion, Front Mount Low Headroom Inside Hookup1
Mulch, Home and Garden Information Center factsheet HGIC 16041
NOAA Atlas 14, Precipitation Frequency Data Server1
NOVA SEAL HD Material Data Sheet, product number 10041
NRMCA Concrete in Practice CIP 14, Finishing Concrete Flatwork1
National HVAC Design Report, Version 3.1 / 3.2 / 3.3 (Rev. 14)1
No Excessive Coiled or Looped Flex Ducts1
No Kinks or Sharp Bends in Flex Duct Installation1
Outokumpu Core range datasheet, stainless steels for corrosive environments1
Outokumpu Supra range datasheet, stainless steels for highly corrosive environments1
QUIKRETE Concrete Mix, product no. 1101, technical data sheet1
QUIKRETE Mason Mix, product no. 1136, technical data sheet1
QUIKRETE Mortar Mix, product no. 1102, technical data sheet1
Residential Clean Energy Credit1
Residential Sizing, AOSSG881501
Residential Standard Lift and Front Mount Low Headroom Inside Hookup, Models 8300/85001
Rough Openings, Entry Systems New Construction Size1
SAKRETE High-Strength Concrete Mix, technical data sheet1
SealMaster Coal Tar Pavement Sealer, product page1
SealMaster MasterSeal, product page1
Sheet, Coil and Plate Alloy 6061 Technical Data1
Specification for Structural Joints Using High-Strength Bolts1
Strategy Guideline: Accurate Heating and Cooling Load Calculations1
Technical Data, FGP MV 2112, 100% Solids Epoxy Moisture Vapor Barrier1
Technical Datasheet C11000 (Cu-ETP), US1
This Old House, carpet installation cost1
This Old House, exterior painting cost1
This Old House, fiber cement siding cost1
This Old House, flooring cost1
This Old House, hardwood flooring cost1
This Old House, how much does a 3-ton air conditioner cost1
This Old House, interior painting cost1
This Old House, laminate flooring installation cost1
This Old House, new roof cost guide1
This Old House, shingle roof cost1
This Old House, tile floor cost1
This Old House, window replacement cost1
Tracking the Sun, 2024 Edition1
U.S. Bolts - Head and Wrench Sizes1
US Energy Information Administration, Electric Power Monthly, Table 5.6.A1
US Hex Bolts - Inches1
USDA Wood Handbook1
Uponor AquaPEX white coils submittal1
Welders Supply, Metal Gauge to Thickness Chart1
Width across flats1

The pattern worth noticing is how few of them are the building code. Roughly half this site rests on manufacturers' own installation instructions, trade-body product manuals and consensus standards, because that is where the answer actually lives for composite decking, chain link, vinyl fencing, trusses, stain coverage and structural panels. Where the code does govern, the page names the section and prints the table.

How values are verified

A figure does not go on a page until it has been read from the code text or the standard itself. Secondary sources (other calculator sites, summaries, aggregators)are not treated as sources, because they have repeatedly been found wrong. Two of the best-ranking deck calculators on the web currently disagree with IRC Table R507.5(1) and with each other.

Two specific traps are worth naming, because they caught us:

The build check

Every figure quoted in a worked example is declared as an assertion and executed against the same data the calculator uses, each time the site is rebuilt. If a table is edited and the paragraph beneath it no longer matches, the build fails and the page does not publish. The visible table and the calculator's own lookup are generated from a single source, so the two cannot drift apart.

Editions and amendments

Values here are drawn from the 2018 and 2021 IRC unless a page says otherwise. Adoption is state and county specific, and local amendments are common: some jurisdictions rewrite stair dimensions outright. Confirm against the edition your building department enforces.